[Gaposa Education]: WAEC GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS*

 
Theory aspects
(1ai)population density is defined as the number
of persons per unit area of land or per square
kilometre of land. population density of a
country can be expressed as
population density= total population/ land area
(1aii)
birth rate: it is the rate at which children are being
given birth to in a country. high birth rate may
lead to population increase or over
population while low birth rate can lead to under
population
(1aii)
Optimum population: optimum population is the
number of people that can be supported by the
available resources in ana area, so as to achieve
the highest possible standard of living
(1b)
(i)legislation against abortion: Abortion should be
strictly abolished by the government so as to
increase the number of children given birth to
(ii)Absence of family planning or deregulation of
birth control programmes to thid helps in
increasing the birth rate
(iii)Encouragement of polygamy:polygamous
family should be encouraged so that the number
of population can be increased
(iv)government incentives, such as free medical
care, free education and as well as child welfare
benefits
2a)
i) Road transport
ii) Water transport
iii) Air transport
iv) Rail transport
2b)
i) Presence of water fall and cataracts limits the
use of
rivers
ii) Presence of floating vegetation e.g water weed
iii) Seasonality of most rivers is a problem
iv) Water transport by inland navigation is too
slow for
people with perishable goods
2c)
i) Rivers should be dredged regularly
ii) construction of canals to bye pass water falls
and
cataracts
iii) Water weed should be equipped refrigerated
holds

2a) Settlement refers to a place that contains one or more building with people living in them
2b) Physical factors that influence the location of a settlement include;

1.

Water supply – settlements need water, they often locate on wet point sites for this. Settlements built away from rivers and water supplies to avoid flooding are located at dry point sites.

2.

Defence – building on high ground allowed people the chance to look out for enemies (e.g. Edinburgh castle) while surrounding a settlement with water also helped with deed defence e.g. Durham is built inside a meander.

3.

Aspect and shelter – In the northern hemisphere south facing slopes receive more sunlight and are protected from cold Northerly winds.  More settlements and agricultural land is therefore located on South facing slopes.

•

The economic factors include;

Communications – settlements often located next to rivers that could be easily crossed.  These are called bridging points. Other favourable places included where at the junctions of valleys or in  gaps through hills.  These locations allowed maximum communication between different settlements and increased trade. E.g. Newcastle is built on the Tyne at a bridging point and could benefit with trade from the North and the South.

•

Resources - Early settlers relied upon wood for fuel and building.  A site close to woodland was there fore an advantage.  Later, resources such as Iron ore, coal and bauxite encouraged the growth of settlements.
2a) Settlement refers to a place that contains one or more building with people living in them
2b) Physical factors that influence the location of a settlement include;

1.

Water supply – settlements need water, they often locate on wet point sites for this. Settlements built away from rivers and water supplies to avoid flooding are located at dry point sites.

2.

Defence – building on high ground allowed people the chance to look out for enemies (e.g. Edinburgh castle) while surrounding a settlement with water also helped with deed defence e.g. Durham is built inside a meander.

3.

Aspect and shelter – In the northern hemisphere south facing slopes receive more sunlight and are protected from cold Northerly winds.  More settlements and agricultural land is therefore located on South facing slowpes.

•

The economic factors include;

Communications – settlements often located next to rivers that could be easily crossed.  These are called bridging points. Other favourable places included where at the junctions of valleys or in  gaps through hills.  These locations allowed maximum communication between different settlements and increased trade. E.g. Newcastle is built on the Tyne at a bridging point and could benefit with trade from the North and the South.

•

Resources - Early settlers relied upon wood for fuel and building.  A site close to woodland was there fore an advantage.  Later, resources such as Iron ore, coal and bauxite encouraged the growth of settlements.

3a)
i)Two characteristics features of cornubation are:
-It is formed when two or more towns merge
-Each of the merging towns retains its distinct
identity
ii)Two characteristics features of megalopolis are :
-it contains large numbers of towns
-Its growth is due to economic development
3b)
Six functions of settlements are:
-Military function:some settlement have been built
for military reasons eg Kano and zaria
-Commercial functions:Market centres situated in
centrally located positions such as the meeting
point of roads,rivers and railway routes eg
Katsina,Kano and onitsha
-Minning function:some towns develop as a result
of the presence of minerals.it attracts the people
who seek employment in the minning centres
eg Jos,Enugu,Porthacourt
-Cultural functionsSome towns perform cultural
functions when they act as the custordians of the
cultures of their areas eg Ife,Oyo,Benin,Kano
-Resort functions:some towns provide resort or
holidays to people to rest eg Jos in the jos
plateau is used as health resort by many
Europeans
who work in Nigeria because of its cool climate
-Administrative function:Some towns act as the
administrative capitals of their state.The seat of
government is located in these towns eg
Abuja is the capital of Nigeria,Oyo as the
headquater of yoruba kingdom,Benin as the
capital of Edo knigdom
5a)
-Industrialization boost the economy of a
particular country
-It create job opportunity for the citizen which
thereby improves it economic stability
5b)
-Unfavourable government politics do not allow
industrilization to thrives
-Heavy tax placed on the industrialist mitigate
against the sucesses of it existence
-Lack of motorable roads for the smooth
conveyance of industrial goods from production
sport to market has hampard industrialization
-Epileptic power supply which makes the
industrilization to resort to using costly energy
has hampard the program of industrialization
5c)
-Government should ensure that the heavy tax rate
levied against the industrialization are cut down
-Motorable roads should be constructed across
Nigeria roads to ease the smooth transportation
of industrial goods
-There should be alternative to hydro energy
generated by the country to avoid over reliance on
power
-Government should avoid those policies that is
repugnant to the setting up of industry in the
country
6a)
-Cooperation and development:To promote
cooperation and development in all fields of
economic activities
-Economic stability:To increase and maintain
econoic stability within the community
6b)
-Language barriers:Official languages of member
countries are foreign and
varied:English,French,

potuguese thus
communication problem
-Political instability:Frequent change of leadership
in member countries is a major problem
-Recession:Global recession complicates efforts of
the community and its members
-ECOWAS fund:Inability of member states to fund
is another major problem
6c)
-Establishment of funds for cooperation,
compensation and development
-The removal of custom duties on the importation
of goods must be removed among members
-Unity:The establishment of Ecowas has helped
inuniting the people of member nations
irrespective of differences in ideology,historical
background,tribes,beliefs
-The elimination of administrativ

 MAP OF AFRICA:

 OBJECTIVES ASPECT...
VERIFIED GEOGRAPHY OBJ
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